10 Facts You Didnt Know About Sicily

Population: 5,050,486 (2010 estimate)Capital: PalermoArea: 9,927 square miles (25,711 sq km)Highest Point: Mount Etna at 10,890 feet (3,320 m) Sicily is an island located in the Mediterranean Sea. It is the largest island in the Mediterranean. Politically, Sicily and the smaller islands surrounding it are considered an autonomous region of Italy. The island is known for its rugged, volcanic topography, history, culture,  and architecture. The following is a list of ten geographic facts to know about Sicily: Geography Facts About Sicily Sicily has a long history that dates back to ancient times. It is believed that the earliest inhabitants of the island were the Sicani people around 8,000 B.C.E. Around 750 B.C.E, the Greeks began to form settlements on Sicily and the culture of the native peoples of the island gradually shifted. The most important area of Sicily at this time was the Greek colony of Syracuse which controlled most of the island. The Greek-Punic wars then began in 600 B.C.E as the Greeks and Carthaginians fought for control of the island. In 262 B.C.E, Greece and the Roman Republic began to make peace and by 242 B.C.E, Sicily was a Roman province.Control of Sicily then shifted through various empires and people throughout the Early Middle Ages. Some of these included the Germanic Vandals, the Byzantines, Arabs, and Normans. In 1130 C.E., the island became the Kingdom of Sicily and it was known as one of the richest states in Europe at the time. In 1262, Sicilian locals rose up against the government in the War of the Sicilian Vespers which lasted until 1302. More revolts occurred in the 17th century and by the mid-1700s, the island was taken over by Spain. In the 1800s, Sicily joined the Napoleonic Wars and for a time after the wars, it was unified with Naples as the Two Sicilies. In 1848, a revolution took place which separated Sicily from Naples and gave it independence.In 1860 Giuseppe Garibaldi and his Expedition of the Thousand took control of Sicily and the island became a part of the Kingdom of Italy. In 1946, Italy became a republic and Sicily became an autonomous region.The economy of Sicily is relatively strong due to its very fertile, volcanic soil. It also has a long, hot growing season, making agriculture the primary industry on the island. The main agricultural products of Sicily are citrons, oranges, lemons, olives, olive oil, almonds, and grapes. In addition, wine is also a major part of Sicily’s economy. Other industries in Sicily include processed food, c hemicals, petroleum, fertilizer, textiles, ships, leather goods, and forest products.In addition to its agriculture and other industries, tourism plays a major role in Sicily’s economy. Tourists often visit the island because of its mild climate, history, culture,  and cuisine. Sicily is also home to several UNESCO World Heritage Sites. These sites include the Archaeological Area of Agrigento, the Villa Romana del Casale, the Aeolian Islands, the Late Baroque Towns of the Val de Noto, and Syracuse and the Rocky Necropolis of Pantalica.Throughout its history, Sicily has been influenced by a variety of different cultures, including Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Norman, Saracens,  and Spanish. As a result of these influences, Sicily has a diverse culture, as well as diverse architecture and cuisine. As of 2010, Sicily had a population of 5,050,486 and the majority of the people on the island identify themselves as Sicilian.Sicily is a large, triangular island located in the Medit erranean Sea. It is separated from the mainland of Italy by the Strait of Messina. At their closest points, Sicily and Italy are separated by just 2 miles (3 km) in the northern part of the strait, while in the southern part the distance between the two is 10 miles (16 km). Sicily has an area of 9,927 square miles (25,711 sq km). The autonomous region of Sicily also includes the Aegadian Islands, the Aeolian Islands, Pantelleria, and Lampedusa.Most of Sicily’s topography is hilly to rugged and wherever possible, the land is dominated by agriculture. There are mountains along Sicily’s northern coast, and the island’s highest point, Mount Etna, stands at 10,890 feet (3,320 m) on its eastern coast.Sicily and its surrounding islands are home to a number of active volcanoes. Mount Etna is a very active, having last erupted in 2011. It is the tallest active volcano in Europe. The islands surrounding Sicily are also home to a number of active and dormant volcanoes, inc luding Mount Stromboli in the Aeolian Islands.The climate of Sicily is considered Mediterranean. As such, it has mild, wet winters, and hot, dry summers. Sicily’s capital Palermo has a January average low temperature of 47ËšF (8.2ËšC) and an August average high temperature of 84ËšF (29ËšC).

Conflict Resolution Essay - 614 Words

Conflict Resolution nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;What does conflict resolution mean to me? Conflict resolution is when an impartial or neutral person puts a plan into action to resolve and settle issues within an organization or a team. In the business world today a great amount of focus is being placed on employees working as team unit to increase new ideas, distribute more job responsibilities among a larger group, and most important create a unified front and camaraderie. Along with advantages there are always disadvantages, wherever there are teams, there is a chance for conflict. Conflict is almost a guarantee. As long as team members possess the ability to think independently, there will always be a difference of opinion. Conflict†¦show more content†¦It is extremely vital to the livelihood of a team for the team members to be able use conflict resolutions or reach out to another individual who has conflict resolution skills. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Is conflict constructive or destructive? Conflict can be good for a team if the members involved in the conflict learn some type of lesson about the issue. It also can create a solution for future problems with different individuals. It can create a sense of unity and fresh ideas on ways to resolve the conflict. Conflict can also be a very destructive force to an organization if after all is said and done, conflict continues without a resolution. It creates chaos instead of camaraderie and divides teams or different groups of people. What causes conflict? There are numerous reasons that conflict may arise within a team. A team with many different people includes many different personalities, cultures, values, attitudes, needs, expectations, etc. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In order to resolve conflict it is very important to follow a few steps: 1.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Analyze the reason for the disagreement. 2.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Create several solutions or options for all parties involved. 3.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Make sure all involved agree on the solution. 4.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Implement the solution immediately, time is of the essence. 5.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Follow up on the situationShow MoreRelated Conflict Resolution Essay1288 Words   |  6 Pages Major conflict that is not dealt with can devastate a team or organization (Make Conflict Work, 2008). In some situations, conflict can be more constructive than destructive. Recognizing the difference between conflict that is constructive to the team and conflict that is destructive to the team is important. Trying to prevent the conflict is not always the best way to manage conflict when working within a team setting. Understanding conflict, what causes it, and how to resolve conflict effectivelyRead MoreConflict Resolution : Conflicts Resolution988 Words   |  4 PagesWhen it comes to conflict resolution there are several ways to handle this. There’ve been several times that I’ve had to deal with conflict resolution. Conflict resolution also has several tips that you can learn to be able to handle a conflict. A conflict resolution can be handle d in a positive way or a negative way. What is conflict resolution? In Community Tool Box it states â€Å"Conflict resolution is a way for two or more parties to find a peaceful solution to a disagreement among them. The disagreementRead More Conflict Resolution Essay1017 Words   |  5 Pagesprofessional to personal, they are all prone to encountering some form of conflict. John Dewey has designed a problem solving sequence with 6 (six) steps, listed and explained below, to facilitate resolution of these conflicts. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Since the way one deals with conflict within the relationship will affect how the relationship progresses, it is vital that one posse all the necessary skills to resolve conflict in a way that brings satisfaction to everyone involved. Dewey’s stepsRead MoreThe Family Mediation And Conflict Resolution Process4320 Words   |  18 Pagesmediation and conflict resolution process and techniques. The student endeavored on an educational journey to study mediation within the context of families as a means of resolving conflicts without resort to adversarial means such as litigation. Focus and attention was given to family dynamics, child development, the Texas Family Code, family violence, and facilitating of communication and dispute resolution. The components and benefits of family mediation and conflict resolution were introducedRead MoreConflict Resolution934 Words   |  4 Pagesto them she has licence and authority to watch them as she is their supervisor and they have to obey her commands. This statmemt of her escalted the whole issue and continued for a long time. This situation turned in to a big arguments and conflict that it had a great imapct on the productivity of work. There was a big loss of components as they were not able to process in a timely manner. Next day the staff meeting was called on by Manager and all the night staff were called to attendRead MoreConflict Resolution Strategies Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesConflict Resolution Strategies Conflict has long been viewed as negative, and is usually associated with things as trivial as an argument to something as extreme as war, and is seldom seen as beneficial. In the team environment however, conflict can be very beneficial if recognized early and managed properly and can enhance team performance as well as relationships between team members. Conflict is inevitable as humans interact, because not everyone shares the same beliefs, values, opinions, levelRead MoreInterpersonal Communication And Conflict Resolution1439 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch resources that helped me understand my interpersonal communication topic, Conflict Management, and how theories, relevant skills and strategies can play a big role throughout the resolution and frequency of conflict among my peers. Personality Types and Development of Adolescents’ Conflict with Friends This study aimed to examine the developmental pattern of adolescents’ conflict frequency and conflict resolution with their best friends, and differences in these developmental changes betweenRead MoreConflict Resolution1281 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Everyone faces conflict in their lives on a daily basis. It is an accepted and expected part of life. Conflict is not a problem in itself - it is what we do with it that counts. You cant avoid conflict in your life, at home, at work, and even at play. Wherever people interact, there is a potential for conflict. That is not bad news because good things can arise, and relationships can improve through conflict, provided conflict is managed with thought and attention. The bad newsRead MoreThird Party Conflict Resolution2113 Words   |  9 PagesThird Party Conflict Resolution MGT/445 Organizational Negotiations March 11, 2013 | | | | Third Party Conflict Resolution Read MoreConflict Resolution2221 Words   |  9 Pages| | |Lesson 3 | |Win-Win Conflict Resolution | |Introduction | |In Lesson 3 you will learn another communication skill that in conjunction with Empathic Listening and

Thesis Researched by Rose Free Essays

Rose’s thesis states that â€Å"Students will float to the mark you set. † † Vocational education has aimed at increasing the economic opportunities of students who do not do well in our schools. Some serious programs succeed in doing that, and through exceptional teachers – like Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis Researched by Rose or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gross in Horace’s Compromise – students learn to develop hypotheses and trouble shoot, reason through a problem, and communicate effectively – the true job skills. The vocational track, however, is most often a place for those who are just not making it, a dumping ground for the disaffected.† Rose attempts to persuade his readers by showing how dysfunctional the vocational students are and how mediocre or unchallenging their studies are. He also persuades the readers by exemplifying the instructor’s poor attempts to care about the quality of learning the vocational education students are receiving. His argument is that the instructors are not inventive in their teaching methods and do not work hard at education through use of their imaginations. â€Å"The teachers have no idea of how to engage the imaginations of kids who were at the bottom of the pond.† I agree with Rose’s point stating that † You’re defined by your school as â€Å"slow†; you’re placed in a curriculum that isn’t designed to liberate you but to occupy you, or, if you’re lucky, train you, though the training is for work the society does not esteem.† This seems to be the norm at all schools. But, I think at all levels, be it high school or college, the instructors teaching these types of programs should be trained to use more imaginative methods of teaching the vocational level students. Obviously, these students each learn at a different pace, but their minds still need to be challenged. They should receive education that stimulates their minds so they do not lose interest. The vocational education system is used as simply as Rose put it, as a â€Å"dumping ground for the disaffected.† I also understand the point Rose made referring to the fact that if a student is trained in a mediocre way he will do nothing but turn into a mediocre student. Resulting in boredom, indifference, tuning out, ignorance, and finally a lack of job skills society deems necessary. I think Rose was correct in the comment â€Å"Champion the average.† Although that is assuming that every vocational student has the courage to rely on his/her own good sense and put the fear behind him or her. Only most of them lack the courage or self-esteem to stand up for themselves, be it only in their own mind. Moreover, many would not take themselves seriously if they did so. How to cite Thesis Researched by Rose, Papers

Gaps Between Men and Women in Singapore in 2015

Question: Write a Reports on Five gaps between Men and Women in Singapore in 2015. Answer: Gender Inequality For over centuries now women have been considered as a weaker gender, who are primarily meant to maintain the household and are often seen as a burden to the family. The inception of this concept can be dated back to the early man times, when hunting was the primary source of living and men carried out this activity given the lower physical strength of women (Blau, 2016). The process of child birth have made men become more protective of women and slowly over the years women have taken over the households while men earned. The phenomenon continued even in medieval times where several regions considered woman a tradable good, sometimes in line with the cattle owned. Even at higher levels of Kings and Rulers, women were seen as a possession. However, thanks to the modern ethical interference, there has been tremendous improvement in the way women have been treated (Jayachandran, 2015). Today, in most of the developing countries women are participating in what was once considered a mans business and are raising voices to be an active part of the society. Though the gender inequality is not completely abolished, the world is attempting to make a steady progress (Fincher, 2016). Gender equality is ethically problematic. When we view this point from say theory of Utilitarianism, that states that an action is right if it leads to happiness for a great number of people, gender inequality at the very basic takes away this happiness from a gender that forms half the population of the planet (Wisborg, 2014). Education, health and survival are basics needs of any human followed by a greater ambition of leadership, power and rule making. When women are not given this opportunity, they are not only being deprived rights and happiness but the world is losing the ability to use powerful minds. If women are not given a chance, the world is essentially running only on half the brain power available. The theory of Intellectualism, which dictates that the best action is the one that best fosters and promotes knowledge also support the need for gender equality (Pasque, 2015). When we pick the golden rule from categorical imperative, a philosophical concept by Immanuel Kant, the gender inequality problem is more visible (Peterson, 2014). The rule says not to impose on others what you would not want to impose on yourself. Applying the same, the right to education, welfare and health cannot be denied to women on gender bias. Gender equality is desired as it is directly linked with the sustainability of the society. If female feticide, mass rape, male child preference continue, it would not be an exaggeration to say that the humans would cease to exist (Marsden, 2015). At a higher level, gender equality promotes decision making capability of women and men, thereby increasing the chances of much rational decisions. In simplest words, gender inequalities between men and women effect the development and prosperity for the society (Branisa, 2013). Providing equal opportunities for women lets them use their talents in the work environment and make better choices f or themselves and their families and communities. The pressing issue There are several aspects of gender inequality that effect women. From health and welfare to leadership and politics each of these aspects are ethically problematic. However, education has a major role to play. The country of Singapore has put in tremendous effort over the past decade to ensure an increase in female literates. The latest data does not disappoint as seen in the below figure. However, the bridge between the male and the female literates is still persistent. Figure 1: Educational Data by Department of Statistics Singapore When we look at the world as a whole the difference is vast. Based on a fact sheet published by UNESCO in 2013, 17 million girls are not expected to receive primary education ever. Of the then illiterate 774 million, two-thirds are women. A girls education has a huge impact of the society. It is well versed that knowledge is power and education could just be the way to eliminate several aspects of gender inequality including the most impenetrable issue of power struggle, where supreme power is barely seen with a woman. The reason for education being the most ethical problem of gender inequality is that, education creates awareness (Wagner, 2015). Several other issues such as health, equal pay, entry into senior management levels, increasing population, ability to earn can all be eliminated through education. Education Vs Girl Child Feticide Lets begin from the primary issue of female birth. India and China the two most populous countries in the world are also known for their affection to a male child. There are several reported cases of gender based abortions and it is illegal in India to find the gender of the child before birth for the same reason. This is because, women are assumed to be a burden to the family since they are usually allowed only household chores and do not bring income into the family. An educated girl in this case would not be an issue, as she would support the family just as a man would. Also, an educated women, would never accept for a gender biased abortion, as she would have the knowledge of laws and regulations and would also have a stronger and logical decision making capability (Riley, 2017). When stood strong, a girl child could be grown by a single mother in case the family does not support. Education Vs Child and Women Nutrition Even as the world grows at an accelerating pace in most of the countries the art of cooking especially in a household is still a womans expertise. A mother provides for the entire family and it is an understatement to say that the nutrition of the family depends on the woman. With increasing diseases such as diabetes, obesity and cancers, nutrition and fitness have taken a lead role in basic necessities. Most of the nutrition related issues today can be handled through a proper diet from childhood. An educated mother would be hence well aware of what to feed, how to cook and what to use in a kitchen, when compared to an uneducated women. The need for micro nutrients and quantities of macro nutrients, what needs to be consumed when, can all be handled in the kitchen itself, decreasing the number of nutrition deficits and thereby ensuring a healthy world. Education Vs Job Opportunities The chances of an educated women finding a job are higher than that of an uneducated women, simply because of the growing technology. Today even domestic works are expected to use cell phones and speak, read and write a language. It is needless to say that to secure higher paid corporate jobs would need educated women. When a woman is deprived education in the first place the number of jobs open to her qualifications fall significantly, hence forcing her to be domestic helper in most cases. Education gives woman a chance to compete in the world. Education Vs Senior Management Roles and Equal Pay It is clear that women are not entrusted with higher roles when compared to men. But when a women is more educated to a man, the chances of her being in higher role increase tremendously. It is indeed an extra effort that women have to make to be recognized, however, it is just a step in curbing gender inequality. An educated women, would be aware of the positions, her rights in the company, the value she adds to an organization and hence has a chance to demand more pay if not equal. The organizations around the world, are recognizing women talent and several of them have female CEOs. For all this to happen education is primary. Education Vs Leadership Women are built subtle. It does not mean that they are weak, but are rather more emotional and caregiving due to the primal desire of being a mother. Most women are hence submerged behind this picture and lack skills to showcase themselves as leaders. Leaders have to be bold, confident, vocal and effective communicators. Education helps women break this barrier. Education not only teaches ways to harness knowledge but also concentrates on soft skills which are required in every aspect of life, thereby empowering women to be strong leaders. In a research done by UNESCO, below are some interesting changes that education can bring about to the society (Education for All Global Monitoring Report, 2013) In the Sub-Saharan Africa, if women completed primary education maternal deaths would be reduced by 70% If all women had a secondary education, child deaths would be cut in half If women received secondary education, 12 million children would be saved from malnutrition Educated women are less likely to have an early marriage reducing child marriages by 14% If a women earns in a family especially in the below poverty line families, 12.2 million children would be saved from deaths due to food deficiency References Blau, F. D. (2016). Gender, inequality, and wages.OUP Catalogue. Branisa, B., Klasen, S., Ziegler, M. (2013). Gender inequality in social institutions and gendered development outcomes.World Development,45, 252-268. Education for All Global Monitoring Report. (2013) (1st ed., pp. 1-4). Retrieved from https://en.unesco.org/gem-report/sites/gem-report/files/girls-factsheet-en.pdf Fincher, L. H. (2016).Leftover women: The resurgence of gender inequality in China. Zed Books Ltd.. Jayachandran, S. (2015). The roots of gender inequality in developing countries.economics,7(1), 63-88. Marsden, D. (2015, July). Gender Inequality. In27th Annual Meeting. Sase. Pasque, P. A. (2015).Disrupting the Culture of Silence: Confronting Gender Inequality and Making Change in Higher Education. K. De Welde, A. Stepnick (Eds.). Stylus Publishing, LLC. Peterson, C. (2014). The categorical imperative: Category theory as a foundation for deontic logic.Journal of Applied Logic,12(4), 417-461. Riley, E., Okabe, H., Germine, L., Wilmer, J., Esterman, M., DeGutis, J. (2017). Correction: Gender Differences in Sustained Attentional Control Relate to Gender Inequality across Countries.PloS one,12(1). Wagner, C., Garcia, D., Jadidi, M., Strohmaier, M. (2015). It's a man's wikipedia? Assessing gender inequality in an online encyclopedia.arXiv preprint arXiv:1501.06307. Williams, C. L. (2013). The glass escalator, revisited gender inequality in neoliberal times.G Wisborg, P. (2014). Transnational land deals and gender equality: Utilitarian and human rights approaches.Feminist Economics,20(1), 24-51.

The Threat of National Id free essay sample

I can plant on your key board to read every stroke. This is really ironic because Safire has typed his article and must question what infringes of his privacy have already been made that he isn’t aware of. 2. Safire says that â€Å"national ID cards give Americans a â€Å"false sense of security†. I believe Safire is referring to the security of your identity. Identification cards are supposed to prove who you are: approve purchases, entry, travel, etc. They are used so that another person can not just take your name and replace you. They ensure the safety of your identity, salary, house, and other personal things. I agree with Safire. Although I feel that there should be some sort of way to identify yourself you will only be able to do that if you give up more of your privacy, like providing a â€Å"fingerprint, description of DNA and details of your eye’s iris†. We will write a custom essay sample on The Threat of National Id or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even with national ID cards it is difficult to ensure its accuracy due to fake ID cards. 3. People will not be able to choose not to carry a national ID card because it is a requirement. The government has made it essential for people to have this source of verification. Without this card you will not be able to â€Å"travel, or buy on credit, or participate in tomorrow’s normal life. Soon enough police as well as employers will considers those who resist full disclosure of their financial, academic, medical, religious, social, and political affiliation to be suspect. He says that Police are â€Å"unconcerned with the sanctity of an individual’s home† and developed â€Å"heat sensors to let them look inside people’s houses. 4. In paragraph 6, Safire says â€Å"But in the dreams of Big Brother and his cousin, Big Marketing, nothing can compare to forcing every person in the United States – under penalty of law – to carry what the totalitar ians used to call ‘papers’†. Safire compares the United States government to a totalitarian government if they force everyone to have â€Å"papers†. The idea of having to prove who you are goes against American ideal of living in a free country, or even being able to start over. If you force a permanent identity on someone you revoke their chance of having a brighter future. I believe that everyone has the right to seek a better future. There is a movie where they present the idea of your identity being written in your DNA. The protagonist’s was supposed to die at 31, it was written in his DNA however he wanted to become an astronaut. But because his DNA says that he will die at 31 no one is willing to hire him which forces the protagonist to go to someone who has broken both his legs and pays the man for his DNA. 5. There are advantages and dangers of national ID cards that everyone should be aware of. Having such personal national ID cards would â€Å"speed you through lines faster or buy you sure-fire protection from suicide bombers†. However the disadvantages seem to out way the advantages. With all this important information found on a single card this card has now increased in value immensely. Forcing you to protect the card as a part of yourself. The copy of that card in a national databank supposedly confidential but available to any imaginative hacker. The universal use and most likely abuse of the national card will most often trigger personal questions. This card is the ticket to losing much of your personal freedom. Purpose and Audience 1. Safire sees his readers as either friendly or neutral. You can tell because Safire informs the reader so the audience must not be hostile towards his view. However it is very plausible that he is also trying to convince his reader. Forcing you to protect the card as a part of yourself. The copy of that card in a national databank supposedly confidential but available to any imaginative hacker. The universal use and most likely abuse of the national card will most often trigger personal questions. This card is the ticket to losing much of your personal freedom. 2. Safire’s purpose does not seem to be changing his audience’s behaviour but changing their ideas or at least rethinking them. Safire mentions the dreams of Big Brother and his cousin, Big Marketing, nothing can compare to forcing every person in the United States – under penalty of law – to carry what the totalitarians used to call ‘papers’†. Safire compares the United States government to a totalitarian government if they force everyone to have â€Å"papers†. The idea of having to prove who you are goes against American ideal of living in a free country, or even being able to start over. 3. Safire assumes that his readers are well informed about national ID. He believes that they should be well informed about their rights and especially support the fourth amendment. He feels that people should protect their right to privacy and feels that having a national ID infringes on their right of privacy which he mentions many examples. I believe that everyone has the right to seek a better future. There is a movie where they present the idea of your identity being written in your DNA. The protagonist’s was supposed to die at 31, it was written in his DNA however he wanted to become an astronaut. Style and Structure 1. The writer begins his essay with discussion of losing an animal. This strategy is very effective, however I don’t understand why. By introducing the new device animal ID he makes an allusion to identification of people. Safire introduces the idea of implanting a little chip implanted under the skin in the back of the neck so that a shelter can quickly pick up the address of the owner. Safire later mentions having identification in the back of their neck alluding to the beginning of the essay which ties the whole thing together. I cannot think of a better opening. Satire mentions a lot of problems with national ID however he leaves the reader to figure out all the different ways national id could be a problem. He forces you to think about whether you are willing to give up so much information with one sweep or scan. 2. Safire’s argument is primarily appealing to deductive reasoning. Because it is proceeding from general presumption to a specific conclusion. According to the textbook, deduction holds that is all the statements in the argument are true the conclusion must also be true. Thus Safire must not use inductive reasoning to argue his case. Cops of course would insists on a record of arrests speeding tickets, E-Z pass auto movements, and links to suspicious Web sites and associates. All this information and more is being collected already which is very scary and by including all the different possiblilties it only makes having a national ID seem more of a threat. 3. The writer uses various kinds of evidence to support his points. You can tell because Safire informs the reader so the audience must not be hostile towards his view. However it is very plausible that he is also trying to convince his reader. Forcing you to protect the card as a part of yourself. The copy of that card in a national databank supposedly confidential but available to any imaginative hacker. The universal use and most likely abuse of the national card will most often trigger personal questions. However Safire does not provide a source for his evidence which forces the reader to question whether or not the is relevant. I think that Safire could’ve used more solid evidence to prove his points but it is hard to find that sort of information so its ok. 4. Safire refutes the idea of having National ID. He believes that law enforcement officials are already taking advantage of this situation. He says that Police are â€Å"unconcerned with the sanctity of an individual’s home† and developed â€Å"heat sensors to let them look inside people’s houses. And claims that the Justice department has an electronic bug that the F. B. I can plant on your key board to read every stroke. This is really ironic because Safire has typed his article and must question what infringes of his privacy have already been made that he isn’t aware of. 5. He uses rhetorical questions as a stylistic device to move his argument along. A few examples of this devise are: â€Å"Think you can encrypt your way to privacy? â€Å"How about a chip providing a complete medical history in case of emergencies? † â€Å"What about us libertarian misfits who take the trouble to try and ‘opt out’? † his entire paragraph 11 asks a bunch of rhetorical questions and the list goes on. By using rhetorical devices Safire forces his readers to think about their answe r to the question even though it doesn’t necessarily require an answer it creates an emphasis on the unknown answer that only the reader can provide. 6. Safire basically concludes his essay with a summary. The hospitals would say: how about a chip providing a complete medical history in case of emergencies? Merchants would add a chip for credit rating, banking accounts, and product preferences, while divorced spouses would lobby for a rundown of net assests and yearly expenditures. Politicians would like to know voting records and political affiliation. Cops of course would insists on a record of arrests speeding tickets, E-Z pass auto movements, and links to suspicious Web sites and associates. All this information and more is being collected already which is very scary and by including all the different possiblilties it only makes having a national ID seem more of a threat.

The Magic of Grammar

The Magic of Grammar The Magic of Grammar The Magic of Grammar By Maeve Maddox Glamor/Glamour: a magical or fictitious beauty attaching to any person or object; a delusive or alluring charm. Perhaps glamor is in the eye of the beholder, but in general, some things are felt to have it and others not. For example: Names: Marilyn Monroe vs. Norma Jean Baker. Occupations: actor vs. plumber. Fields of study: psychology vs. grammar. Outside a rarefied environment like an online site frequented by people who find it fascinating, what could have less glamor than grammar? Etymologically speaking, however, grammar and glamor are sisters under the skin. Scotsman Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832) achieved international fame with his novels, many of which were set in his native Scotland and featured dialogue sprinkled with Scots dialect. One of the expressions he introduced to standard English was â€Å"to cast the glamour.† He was not the only literary Scotsman to include a bit of dialect in their writing. Here are OED citations from two of Scott’s countrymen: 1721  Ã‚   A. Ramsay Gloss. When devils, wizards or jugglers deceive the sight, they are said to cast glamour oer the eyes of the spectator. 1793  Ã‚   R. Burns Poems (ed. 2) II. 220  Ã‚   Ye gipsy-gang that deal in glamor, And you, deep-read in hells black grammar, Warlocks and witches. To discover the connection between magical glamor and ho-hum grammar, it’s necessary to trace the words to their mutual origin. In the 14th century when gramarye entered English from French gramaire, â€Å"learning,† a broad type of learning was meant, including Latin and philology. As time went on, (14th century) the learning associated with gramarye came to include astrology and magic. The word acquired a secondary meaning of â€Å"occult power† (late 15th century). This is the meaning that evolved into Scots glamour. Traveling further back takes us to Latin grammatia, from Greek grammatike tekhne, â€Å"art of letters.† The term comes from Greek gramma, â€Å"a letter, something drawn or written.† The alphabet is a set of magical symbols. Before literacy became available to the masses, the ability to write and read was recognized as a form of power. Not surprisingly, another word with the same pedigree as glamor and grammar is grimoire, â€Å"a magician’s manual for invoking demons and other supernatural entities.† Nowadays, grammar is understood to mean â€Å"the study of a language which deals with means of indicating the relations of words in the sentence, and with the rules for employing these in accordance with established usage.† The connection between glamor and grammar has become tenuous indeed. As an English teacher, I am painfully aware of the connotation the word grammar now bears. Tell any ten people you’re an English teacher, and nine of them will respond with a wince or a cringe and a mumbled â€Å"I never was any good at grammar.† Different times, different values. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Useful Stock Phrases for Your Business EmailsPeople versus PersonsAffect vs. Effect

Proposal for the Creation of Best Town Police Department Research Paper - 1

Proposal for the Creation of Best Town Police Department - Research Paper Example The overall conclusion tries to draw a relationship between all the existing factors that are involved in designing an able and efficient police department, in light of Best Town. The general aim of this proposal is to provide recommendations for a police department for Best Town community based on reports that the community is not satisfied by the services provided by the county police department. The town therefore feels the need to have their own police department, and this proposal aims to provide recommendations and ideas on how to implement such a department. The department would take up all the crimes committed in the town, as its sole mandate would be to ensure proper law enforcement for Best Town. There are various elements that define life in any society. These include the social, political, environmental, technological, economic, and even cultural factors that all have a bearing on how a society is going to structured. Each of these factors has its own distinctive characteristics that make it efficient in the part that it plays in the society. In addition, all of them relate, and have some form of interdependence such that for the maximization of any of the factors, the others also have to be enjoying some level of stability. This means that for the economic factors to be at their best, the political and even social elements have to be just as successful and in a stable state. The converse is also true. This type of relationship reduces any instance of impasse that would arise should one factor fall greatly behind. Through all this, security is of key significance. Security is like the bond that links all the aforementioned factors. While some of them may be relatively effi cient in the absence of the others, like environmental factors being favorable at the expense of technological advancement, none can have a substantial amount of success at the expense of security. This highlights the

A Global Perspective- Made in USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Global Perspective- Made in USA - Essay Example On the contrary, manufacturing industry directly entails processes that ensures large-scale production of goods and services through innovation and production. A close relationship exists between manufacturing industry and globalization in relation to creation of market opportunities and innovation of new ideas (Alden, 2012). It is imperative to understand that globalization creates diversification of ideas that consequently results into generation of new techniques of production and service provision. The generated ideas directly improve manufacturing industry through increased productivity and creation of diversity in services and goods. Most importantly, globalization provides new market opportunities throughout the world for manufactured products. In addition, through globalization, manufacturing industries can establish new production plants in other regions around the globe with available inexpensive resources. It is indispensable that globalization has resulted into evolution in the manufacturing industry. Manufacturing industry plays a fundamental role in creation of employment opportunities for American citizens. It is imperative to note that as government employment opportunities decreases, manufacturing industry provides an option for the millions of Americans who need income. The manufacturing industry has acted as a fundamental contributor the growth of US economy through job creation in 1900s until globalization and outsourcing issues started. The era of outsourcing where US-based companies establishes manufacturing plants in developing countries due to cheap labor resulted into the decline in employment rates within the significant sector (Norris, 2012). However, following the current need for resourcing, established companies in USA have created more job opportunities within the manufacturing sector. It is

Monetary Policy & International Finance and the Exchange Rate Essay

Monetary Policy & International Finance and the Exchange Rate - Essay Example The supply curve analysis indicates that an increase in the amount of nonborrowed reserves implies there will be right shift in the supply curve. The implication is that the governemnt funds rate will not rise any further and a constant value may be achieved. As a result, the open market purchase will result into a rise in the monetary base and hence the monetary supply. The central bank uses rediscount operations which allows the banks to borrow from the central as part of its checks and measures on economic stability. While this approach is crucial for ensuring that there is no economic recession, there is evidence that there is danger when the central banks lends to other banks. One problem with this operation is that it prevents banks that would have failed from failing. While the failure of bank may be a sign of economic instability, there are many other causes for the collapse of banks. For instance, poor management strategies within a bank may result to its failure (Kashyap & Stein, 2004). While there is need to support banks and to prevent them from collapsing, there are times when lending to such banks does not solve the problem. Banks that have weak management should be streamline their operation rather than lend them, an approach that may not its problems. Therefore lending to banks that are in the verge of collapsing poses danger to the public as they feel that such a bank is stable while it dependent on borrowing. III. Compare the use of open-market-operations, central bank lending facilities (rediscounting), and changes in reserve requirements to control the money supply on the following criteria: flexibility, reversibility, effectiveness, and speed of implementation. The open-market operations are one of the most flexible approaches of controlling the money supply. Since this method is under the control of the government, it is possible to use it to fine tune the market and to achieve

Brand Identity And Brand Image Marketing Essay

Brand Identity And Brand Image Marketing Essay In business brand isnt a new theory. It is used by marketers from long time to identify their products from other competitors that have same product category. As Van Den Heever said the word brand comes from the old German word brandr which means to burn. (Lombard, 2007, p. 18)A Brand is a symbolic embodiment of all the information connected to the product and serves to create associations and expectations around it (Kalakumari Sekar, 2012)The traditional American definition of brand is, a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or combination of them, which is intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors (Lee Zhang, 2000) 2.1.1 Brand identity and Brand image Brand image has been assigned different meanings from the day it was introduced into the marketing discipline by Gardner and Levy (1955). Some researches has define brand image as brand identity, but according to the recent studies that have claimed that brand image and brand identity are two different concepts but they are interchangeable. Moreover, there are four basics to understand and define the brand image, which are : 1)Brand image is an image in the mind created by the consumer.2) Consumers use their emotions and feelings to interpret the concept of brand image.3) Brand image is an idea fuelled by knowledge through marketing activities taken from the observation of consumer characteristics. 4) The perception of brand image designed in the mind of consumer is much more important than the actual one. However, Brand image is how a brand is perceived by consumers, while brand identity is the way that the company exposes the brand in the market, and how it wants to be perceived by the customers. Eventually, customers may not have the same image of the brand that the company presented. (Bian X., 2011) (Price, 2010) 2.1.2 Brand Power and Market Share According to Stobart (1994) brand power and dominant market share could be occurred through perceived product quality. Generally, entrepreneurs and managers have a great impact on creating power brands. They understand a need and desire of a specific group of customers then they create products and supply the associated services that satisfy those needs extremely well. Effective quality control procedures make sure they do things right the first time in delivering those products and services. Therefore, they achieve superior quality when they sell them the high quality with a less cost of lower quality competitors. Then, they advertise and promote the benefits and the advantages they got using those products. The customer perceives the high quality and the added value offered by the product. The result : a power brand is created and dominant share follows. (Vantamay, 2004) (draw brand power conceptual model) 2.1.3 Brand equity According to Kwok Keung Tam (2007), brand equity is the value premium that a company  realizes from a  product with a recognizable name as compared to its competitors. when Companies make their products memorable, easily recognizable using its name or symbol and superior in quality and reliability, this is the process of creating brand equity. Also, it depends on the number of people with habitual purchase, in that way it could also be a strategy used by the firm to generate cash flow because people arent buying just an ordinary product but they are buying unique value. However, when people are ready to pay more for a standard product instead of branded one, here the brand fails that means brand equity is negative. This might happen if a company caused a widely publicized environmental disaster or had a major product recall. So, when the company wants to expand its product line, it has to consider the brand equity conceptual model. (draw conceptual model) For the consumers, brand equity could present them information about the brand that improves their confidence while their purchasing process. Nevertheless, the brand equity could reduce the expenses of promotions because when brand equity is positive, brand image is positive too that means consumers dont focus on the short term promotion but on the whole brand. Brand equity has five major areas, which are Brand awareness, perceived quality, brand loyalty, brand association and brand positioning. Brand awareness is one of main determinants of brand equity. Brand awareness consist recognition of one particular brand which allows a potential customer to recognize about a specific product or services existence, and confirms that he or she has previously been exposed to it and creating brand awareness is one of the  key steps in promoting a product. (Csapà ³, 2010) In addition according to Kwok Keung Tam (2007) there is two tasks should be done to achieve brand awareness which are namely increasing brand name identity and associating it with the product class. Also, To raise brand awareness some techniques could be useful as advertising and celebrity endorsement. Furthermore, Using perceived quality strategy may lead to consumer satisfaction, which will be shown through perceived performance and expectation. As well, there are many definitions said by some scholars, as consumers perception towards tangible and non tangible characteristics of a product is perceived product quality. these characteristics may include some added value characteristics as performance, durability, conformance, features, serviceability, aesthetics and reliability etc. Moreover, sometimes the actual quality of the product doesnt confirm all these characteristics but the perceived quality of a product could be derived from consumers past experiences. (Vantamay, 2004) A consumer gives a brand loyalty by purchasing the same product or service over and over again rather than buying from other suppliers that sell the same product category. As well, brand loyalty could be defined as the degree of purchasing repeatedly the same brand by the same consumer within a product class. Brand association is the linkage that exist between a brand and the other nodes stored in memory (Korchia, 2007). Every company through consumer buyer research must understand its brand as well as competitors brands . Such a research studies existing and potential customers, past customers, industry experts, and intermediaries. A strong brand should be difficult to be copied by other companies, and such a powerful brand is associated with beliefs and values. (Ghodeswar, 2008) Brand positioning occurs when brand occupies a distinct position comparative to competing brands, in the mind of the customer. Companies use this brand positioning marketing strategy by differentiating the features and characteristics of their brands, or they try to create a specific image of the brand as luxurious, inexpensive, premium and utilitarian through advertising. Branding its all about adding psychological value on service, products and companies. Such value could be in the form of emotional links, beliefs, values, and feelings that people relate to the brand. Once a brand is positioned, it is very difficult to reposition it without destroying its credibility. (Lee Zhang, 2000) 2.2 Consumer Behavior Consumer behavior is the study of the processes involved when individuals or groups select, purchase, use, or dispose of products, services ideas, or experiences to satisfy needs and desires (Solomon, 2007, p. 7).In other words, it is a study focuses on how, what, why, and why people buy. In addition, it studies how people choose to spend their available resources time, money, and effort. 2.2.1 Consumer Buying Behavior The consumer buying behavior concept is the individuals and households who buy goods and services for personal consumption (Tam, 2007). For companies the buying decision is the most crucial part of their enterprise, yet no one really knows how the human brain makes that choice. Buying decisions are made at an unconscious level (Csapà ³, 2010). Furthermore, there are many theories explain the meaning of consumer buying behavior, one of them is Role theory. It suggests that consumers satisfying a need or desire, for this reason they change their consumption decisions, their evaluation criteria. The 7 Ps of marketing stimuli consumer buying behavior which are product, price, place of distribution, promotion, people, process, and physical evidence (KHOURY, 2008) Moreover, there are many factors called buyers characteristics that affect the buying behavior, which are economical, cultural, personal, psychological and social. All these inputs enter the buyers middle box, then many consumers responses observed as product choice, brand choice, dealer choice, purchase timing, and purchase amount. (Csapà ³, 2010) (conceptual model vanda article) 2.2.2 Factors Affecting Consumer Buying Behavior Culture factors: Buyer culture, subculture, and social class are factors that affect consumer buying behavior. Culture is the piece of every society and behavior of people is deeply influenced by their culture. Moreover, Culture is the collection of beliefs, behavior, values, customs and attitudes. Marketers should be careful by analyzing every culture because needs, wants and buying behavior vary from country to other. Culture is divided to many subcultures, and each subculture is a group of people with mutual value systems based on common life situations and experiences. Moreover, subcultures includes nationalities, religious, racial groups, and geographic regions. Marketers should segment the market into different small portions using these groups. Every society contains many social class(upper class, middle class, working class and lower class) which are determined by different factors such income, education , wealth and occupation. These social classes are used by marketers in market segmentation, and it is an important factor because all similar social classes recommend same marketing strategy and every social class its members shares same interests, values and beliefs. (Griffin Pustay, 2003) Social factors : Social factors which are reference groups, family, role and status also influence the buying behavior of consumers . Reference groups could form the attitude or behavior of a person. The impact of reference groups varies according to products and brands types. As an example if the product is visible as clothes, the impact of reference groups is high. Moreover, there is a person who has special skills, knowledge or characteristics which called leader, his opinion is considered by a reference group in many societies. Family members could deeply influence buyer behavior. Hence marketers are trying to know every role of every person in a family, husband, wife, and children. However, they also try to find out who buys a specific product, if husband then they will try to target the men in their advertisements. So, here we should understand that buying roles vary with evolving consumer lifestyles. In the society, roles and status change from one person to other because every person is a member of a specific clubs, organizations or groups For example a husband is working as a coach of football team, that means he will buy the kind of clothing that reflects his and status in his work. (Csapà ³, 2010) Personal factors: Personal factors have impact on buying behavior, such as the buyers age and life cycle, occupation, lifestyle, and personality and self concept. Age and life cycle shape the consumer buying behavior. Purchasing of goods and services of people change with time because every stage of life has its own interests. Life-cycle of a family consists of diverse stages such as young single, unmarried couples, married couples which facilitate marketers to design specific products for each stage. Occupation of a person will affect his purchasing behavior. For example a accounting manager of an organization he should purchase business suits, but a regular or low position worker will purchase cheaper clothes. Economic situation of a consumer has great impact on his buying behavior. The more the income of a consumer is high the more his purchase will be high. However, a person with low income will purchase cheap products. Lifestyle is an important factor that affect strongly the buying behavior of people. lifestyle is a persons of living as expressed in his or her psychographics (Kotler Armstrong, Principles of Marketing, 2001, p. 146). Moreover, people coming from same subcultures, occupation, social class may have quite different lifestyle because lifestyle is determined by customer opinions, interests, activities (work, sports, shopping etc.) Personality varies from person to person, place to place and time to time. the behavior of a person it is his personality not what he wears or what he eats. Personality includes some characteristics such as : self confidence, positive attitude, dominance , active etc which could be useful to determine the selection of products or services for a person. Psychological factors: There are four factors affecting the consumer buying behavior, which are Perception, motivation, learning, beliefs and attitudes. Motivation level that affect the buying behavior. Every person has specific needs such as biological, social, and physiological needs etc. Moreover, these needs vary from one person to another because every person has priority in his needs, and some of these natural needs are pressing more than others. So, These needs which are pressing strongly become motive for a person to reach satisfaction. Perception is a process to produce a meaningful experience in the mind of consumers which contain three steps: Select, organize, and interpret information. Furthermore, there are three different perceptual methods. First method which is selective attention, this case is used by marketers to grab customers attention. Second method is selective distortion, this case is used to interpret the information available about the product in a way to support the customers beliefs. However, third method is selective retention, which is used to retain information that supports customers beliefs. Every customer has specific belief and attitude towards diverse products. However, some of these beliefs and attitudes marketers are interested in them because they affect buying behavior and make up brand image. Moreover, there are some campaigns done by marketers to change customers attitudes and beliefs. (Kotler Armstrong, Principles of Marketing, 2001)

Maxwell the Hero in Freak The Mighty Essay example -- Rodman Philbrick

In today's society there are lots of people that believe that dumb people can not accomplish anything in there whole life. From the book Freak the Mighty this point is proven wrong. Max and Kevin, are the two most important characters in Freak the Mighty, they can both be described as dynamic characters. Each of them goes through major changes that are revealed through their actions, and by what the author says about them. Maxwell embodies the archetype of the hero's journey. I will discuss this issue using the fact that he has a birth, a calling/journey, and a return. Maxwell has a birth from the archetype of the hero?s journey. Maxwell was born in Chivalry, Montana where his parents lived. At the age of four he saw his dad murder his mom and run away. From that day on, Maxwell lived with his grandparents. His grandparents always hated him and he was never loved since they saw him as the murderer?s son. So, Maxwell grew up alone and he lived in the basement of his grandparent?s home. His dad?s name was Killer Kane and he was told by everyone that both of his parents were dead. Although Maxwell lived with his grandparents he had no knowledge at all, he was very dumb, had no knowledge about anything, and he was really huge. Since everyone heard about his father Killer Kane, when Maxwell went to his school everyone thought he was mean just like his father but in reality he wouldn?t hurt a fly. Maxwell was also frequently sent to the principles office for not listening to the teacher when she was talking and for never paying attention. Maxwell has a calling/journey from the archetype of the hero?s journey. His calling was when he saw Freak all ways doing his work and never paying attention to anyone else accep... ...er saving his own and Iggy Lee?s life, Killer Kane was arrested. Maxwell has a return from the archetype of the hero?s journey. Maxwell returns by saving Iggy Lee?s life and his own. Maxwell gets all his love from his grandparents, because now they believe that he is not like his dad (Killer Kane). When Maxwell returns, his best friend was about to die, because his organs were getting to big for his body, but while he was dieing he gives Maxwell a empty book saying, ?Max please write all the adventures and everything we have done together, this will make me feel better?. So, Maxwell is a hero by doing many things for many people. He saved a person that got him kidnapped (Iggy Lee), he saved his best friend from many strangers (Kevin), and he achieved something in his life. So, from all the things he has done, I believe that Maxwell is a true hero.

American Beauty

There are numerous significant motives in the1999 film entitled American Beauty, directed by Sam Mendes. In this film, Lester Burnham– a 42-year-old, depressed suburban father has a mid-life crisis and voluntarily decides to turn his chaotic life around after developing a fascination for his daughters attractive friend, Angela. Similarly, The title American Beauty is proven to be significant with the satirical lust between Lester and Angela , Lester realizing the beauty throughout his life sincerely, and the American beauty rose used as a symbol. This representation allows the director to ultimately suggest that everyone will see the beauty in America and their lives. In the movie American Beauty, the lust portrayed is shown very satirically and creates a deep affect on the characters throughout the film. For example, lust is illustrated when Lester notices Angela for the first time and feels instantly compelled to her. Which gives the allusion of beauty but ultimately is very disturbing because of Angela’s age. Although, Lester suddenly feels the need to know Angela. Subsequently, after meeting her he says, â€Å" It’s the weirdest thing I feel like I’ve been in a comma for about 20 years and I’m just now waking up† (American Beauty). In stating this, Lester explains how he felt like he was living every day like the last and not really living at all until he met Angela. To elaborate, Lester states, â€Å"The highlight of my day is masturbating in the shower† (American Beauty). By using the word â€Å"highlight† sows that it’s the most arousing part of his day which he combines with masturbating. Although, after he meets Angela he feels as though he was â€Å"waking up† for the first time (American Beauty). This feeling leads him to start working out, smoking weed, and working at his old teenage job in order to get Angela interested in him. Therefore, the lust shown between Lester and Angela depicts the title American Beauty because of the want or need to feel wanted and loved by someone. Lastly, Lester realizing the beauty in his life helps prove the implication of the title. With Lester feeling as if his life is pathetic and boring in the beginning of the film, to the end where he feels as though he is â€Å"great. † For example, Lester states, â€Å" I am grateful for every moment in my stupid life â€Å" (American Beauty). Meaning that Lester knew most times his life was â€Å"stupid,† although he still saw the beauty in everything. Lester sincerely finds the beauty in his life right before he is murdered and continues to after he dies. He says, â€Å"I guess I could be pissed about what happened to me, but there is so much beauty in the world† (American Beauty). Implying that he felt as though he could be mad that his life was taken from him, but he finally witnessed his daughter being happy and in love and realized that he truly still loved his wife. Therefore, he has no choice but to be thankful for the life he had been given. This strongly depicts the American beauty by allowing Lester to sincerely see beauty in his dysfunctional life. The rose called American beauty is introduced various times as a symbol throughout the film. The rose is presented satirically for the first time when Carolyn is trimming her American beauty rose bushes in the front yard. Everything seems to be perfect with the white picket fence and the suburban house-wife outside doing yard work. Although, like the rose, everything is beautiful at first glace, but when you look deeper you see the thorns and the dysfunction within the family. In addition, the American beauty rose is also introduced countless times while Lester is fantasizing about Angela. For example, the moment Lester spots Angela for the first time he imagines her undressing for him while being the only ones in an auditorium. She opens her shirt and vibrant rose pedals come flowing from her chest (American Beauty). This represents the beauty that he not only sees in her; though, also the beauty that she brings to his life. Which is portrayed to be very satirical because of his fanaticizing about Angela who is a young girl. Hence, the significance of the title American Beauty and the representation that is shown through the American beauty rose. Although, some may say that the American beauty rose is portrayed sincerely in the film. They might argue that at the end of the film, when Lester has just seen the beauty throughout his life, there is a vibrant bouquet of American beauty roses on the table in front of him. Showing the sincere feelings of beauty that Lester is realizing for the first time while looking at his family portrait. People can also argue that in the next scene where Lester has been killed the roses are suddenly blackened and dead. Also, the vivid red blood splattered around the flowers helps portray the lack of color and beauty in the roses it self. This sincerely shows the ugliness of deaths and the arrival of death when Lester had just recognized the beauty in his life. Therefore one may argue the American beauty rose is portrayed as sincere as well as satirical. Subsequently, this shows the representation of American Beauty allows the director to ultimately suggest that everyone will see the beauty in America and their lives. While every character in the film was dysfunctional they all came to a realization of the beauty in their lives at the end of the movie. Although each character didn’t have to loose their life to see the beauty, the murder of Lester allowed the beauty to be revealed and also enables the characters to have a somewhat epiphany. In conclusion, Janet Maslin, a film critic from the New York Times states, â€Å"if you don’t feel the film’s piercing vision of what really matters, someday you will† ( 293). Therefore restating that everyone will see the beauty in the dysfunction of America someday before or after they die. American Beauty There are numerous significant motives in the1999 film entitled American Beauty, directed by Sam Mendes. In this film, Lester Burnham– a 42-year-old, depressed suburban father has a mid-life crisis and voluntarily decides to turn his chaotic life around after developing a fascination for his daughters attractive friend, Angela. Similarly, The title American Beauty is proven to be significant with the satirical lust between Lester and Angela , Lester realizing the beauty throughout his life sincerely, and the American beauty rose used as a symbol. This representation allows the director to ultimately suggest that everyone will see the beauty in America and their lives. In the movie American Beauty, the lust portrayed is shown very satirically and creates a deep affect on the characters throughout the film. For example, lust is illustrated when Lester notices Angela for the first time and feels instantly compelled to her. Which gives the allusion of beauty but ultimately is very disturbing because of Angela’s age. Although, Lester suddenly feels the need to know Angela. Subsequently, after meeting her he says, â€Å" It’s the weirdest thing I feel like I’ve been in a comma for about 20 years and I’m just now waking up† (American Beauty). In stating this, Lester explains how he felt like he was living every day like the last and not really living at all until he met Angela. To elaborate, Lester states, â€Å"The highlight of my day is masturbating in the shower† (American Beauty). By using the word â€Å"highlight† sows that it’s the most arousing part of his day which he combines with masturbating. Although, after he meets Angela he feels as though he was â€Å"waking up† for the first time (American Beauty). This feeling leads him to start working out, smoking weed, and working at his old teenage job in order to get Angela interested in him. Therefore, the lust shown between Lester and Angela depicts the title American Beauty because of the want or need to feel wanted and loved by someone. Lastly, Lester realizing the beauty in his life helps prove the implication of the title. With Lester feeling as if his life is pathetic and boring in the beginning of the film, to the end where he feels as though he is â€Å"great. † For example, Lester states, â€Å" I am grateful for every moment in my stupid life â€Å" (American Beauty). Meaning that Lester knew most times his life was â€Å"stupid,† although he still saw the beauty in everything. Lester sincerely finds the beauty in his life right before he is murdered and continues to after he dies. He says, â€Å"I guess I could be pissed about what happened to me, but there is so much beauty in the world† (American Beauty). Implying that he felt as though he could be mad that his life was taken from him, but he finally witnessed his daughter being happy and in love and realized that he truly still loved his wife. Therefore, he has no choice but to be thankful for the life he had been given. This strongly depicts the American beauty by allowing Lester to sincerely see beauty in his dysfunctional life. The rose called American beauty is introduced various times as a symbol throughout the film. The rose is presented satirically for the first time when Carolyn is trimming her American beauty rose bushes in the front yard. Everything seems to be perfect with the white picket fence and the suburban house-wife outside doing yard work. Although, like the rose, everything is beautiful at first glace, but when you look deeper you see the thorns and the dysfunction within the family. In addition, the American beauty rose is also introduced countless times while Lester is fantasizing about Angela. For example, the moment Lester spots Angela for the first time he imagines her undressing for him while being the only ones in an auditorium. She opens her shirt and vibrant rose pedals come flowing from her chest (American Beauty). This represents the beauty that he not only sees in her; though, also the beauty that she brings to his life. Which is portrayed to be very satirical because of his fanaticizing about Angela who is a young girl. Hence, the significance of the title American Beauty and the representation that is shown through the American beauty rose. Although, some may say that the American beauty rose is portrayed sincerely in the film. They might argue that at the end of the film, when Lester has just seen the beauty throughout his life, there is a vibrant bouquet of American beauty roses on the table in front of him. Showing the sincere feelings of beauty that Lester is realizing for the first time while looking at his family portrait. People can also argue that in the next scene where Lester has been killed the roses are suddenly blackened and dead. Also, the vivid red blood splattered around the flowers helps portray the lack of color and beauty in the roses it self. This sincerely shows the ugliness of deaths and the arrival of death when Lester had just recognized the beauty in his life. Therefore one may argue the American beauty rose is portrayed as sincere as well as satirical. Subsequently, this shows the representation of American Beauty allows the director to ultimately suggest that everyone will see the beauty in America and their lives. While every character in the film was dysfunctional they all came to a realization of the beauty in their lives at the end of the movie. Although each character didn’t have to loose their life to see the beauty, the murder of Lester allowed the beauty to be revealed and also enables the characters to have a somewhat epiphany. In conclusion, Janet Maslin, a film critic from the New York Times states, â€Å"if you don’t feel the film’s piercing vision of what really matters, someday you will† ( 293). Therefore restating that everyone will see the beauty in the dysfunction of America someday before or after they die.

The Significance of Language

The Significance of Language Introduction Language, identity and power have an interrelationship that has generated debate and discourses that affect not only an individual, but also the larger community from where he comes. In this essay, we will explore the relationship between language and identity. Using Amy Tan’s ‘Mother Tongue, we will look at the importance language and how it affects the lives of people in their communities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Significance of Language specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Language and Its Effects Reading this story, it comes out clearly that language affects the lives of individuals. It is language that defines who a person is and therefore, plays a role in his or her choices and the lifestyle he or she lives. People use language to view life in different perspectives. In this story, Amy explores how the language she learned affected her life in different ways. She is a daughter to immigrant parents; her mother is shown as a very intelligent woman. She is a source of communication between her mother and those who don’t understand her. Here, Amy has used this story to emphasize that someone is not less intelligent just because he or she can not speak perfect English like those who are native speakers. It is rare to get two people who speak the same exact language, even those who think they do so, fail to notice the variations in their language because they are used to it. Amy is of Chinese decent, and therefore, language played a major role in her family as she struggled to fit into the American society with a mother who spoke â€Å"limited English† (Tan 78). This story reflects the lives of many Americans who are natural citizens of the United States. I am sure there are many people out there who have parents with their own way of speaking and comprehension of the English language as did Amy. This does not in any way reduce the intelligence of such parents, but they are forced to depend on their children for translations during communications. This sometimes makes children to be ashamed by their parents, just as Amy did when she joined others to describe her mother’s English as ‘Broken â€Å"or â€Å"Fractured† (Tan 78). Language is very special, not just for Amy and immigrants in foreign lands, but for all of us. Language brings people closer to their families in unique ways. Amy agrees with me when she says that language â€Å"can evoke an emotion, a visual image, a complex idea, or a simple truth† (Tan 76).Advertising Looking for essay on languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Imagine a situation why by you wake up one day to the realization that you have no voice and therefore can not communicate with those around you. This is when you will realize how important language is. To lack a voice means that you are not able t o express yourself, communicate or participate in what goes on in your world. Language involves combining specific words in a certain order. This depends on different people where you can find people using the same words but in a different order. What is important is that so long as they are able to communicate, then that order is important to them. Language therefore, helps in empowering a people and helping them establish and define their identity. Language Can Unite and Isolate There is no doubt that through language, people are bound together as one community. However language can also alienate individuals in a community. Sometimes people use language to label others as outsiders. People use language to form stereotypes of others. For instance, in this story Amy tells us that she has often been asked why there aren’t many Asian Americans in American literature. We also learn that there are very few Asian Americans who are enrolled in creative writing. The answer to these questions lies in the formation of stereotypes. Many Asian Americans are known to do well in sciences and mathematics than in English. Their English, as Amy says, is also described as â€Å"broken† or â€Å"limited†. This means that their teachers use these stereotypes to steer them away from writing. They encourage them to take mathematics and sciences course just as they did to Amy. Stereotyping in essence is wrong (Zeng 10). Language does more than just articulating a simple truth, the way one commands language also matters a lot. We have just learned that without language, an individual will be voiceless, but having an imperfect language makes others see one as imperfect. However, those who are fluent in the standard language are seen to be superior to others. This is clearly illustrated in â€Å"mother tongue† when Amy gives us examples of how her mother was treated in the community. She says: People in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did no t take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her. (Tan 78)Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Significance of Language specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These people treated Amy’s mother in this disrespectful way solely because she spoke English that was simple and with non-native variations which they disparagingly termed as â€Å"broken† or â€Å"fractured† (Tan 78). This reflects what happens in many communities of the world. When people lack the standard skills of a language they are labeled as outsiders and therefore, live under discrimination from those who enjoy the standard language skills in their communities. Language as a Necessity Reading through this story, one gets to understand that acquiring a certain language does not only enable one to be accepted in a community, it also helps in determining one†™s individuality. The experience that an individual goes through with language goes a long way in shaping his or her self identity. This is illustrated in this story clearly when Amy tells us about the different Englishes she applies in her daily communication. We see that when communicating with her family she uses the simple form of English, she calls the one her mother uses as broken English, and however, when interacting with people in her personal life, Amy uses a more complex version of the English language. Bond explains further that both accommodation and affirmation can occur to the same content, in other words, there can be different effects language happening to the same type of content (Chen Bond, p.399). She confesses that there were instances in her life when she was embarrassed by the English her mother used. However, as she continued to grow, she came to understand how important that English was to her. She says in this story that she realized that her mother†™s English was perfectly clear, it was actually her mother tongue. This means that it was this language that helped her make sense of what goes around her. This realization makes her wince whenever she calls her mother’s English as â€Å"broken† or â€Å"fractured†. She does not think that her mother’s English needs any fixing, to her it is whole and sound and therefore terming it broken or fractured when she uses it to communicate with her mum looks unfair (Tan 77). The Basic Concept: Communication Towards the end of this story, Amy tells us that it doesn’t matter what type of English you use, what matters is that you are able to communicate. The different Englishes in her life shaped her into what she later become, a writer, much to her critics disapproval that she couldn’t make a good writer.Advertising Looking for essay on languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is an encouragement to those who are in the same circumstances as Amy that even if they find it hard to speak perfect English, they should never back down from giving their point of view. We have seen that despite her broken English, Amy’s mother helped her to understand English better. It is her mother who encouraged her to become a writer. People have different mother tongues that they were taught when young, but as individuals grow they develop different Englishes which they use as circumstances direct. The language that an individual uses at work is not the same he uses at home or with friends. Language should be seen as a tool for social improvement, through which many people of different backgrounds come together in a cohesive coexistence (Feng 159). Conclusion Tan’s â€Å"Mother Tongue† story tells us that the main purpose of language is to enable people express themselves and also be in a position to share the expression with others. It doesn’t matter what form of the language one uses, so long as it is used to express oneself and others understand the expression, then no one is justified to discriminate against it no matter how broken or fractured the language . Tan’s mother managed to express herself with people in her life using her Broken English, it is this same broken English that shaped Tan into what she is today. Had her mother stooped to intimidation probably Tan wouldn’t have grown up to become a writer. It is a person’s point of view that matters; therefore people should not be intimidated by those who think they know the standard language from giving their points of view. Chen, Sylvia Bond, Michael. â€Å"Explaining language priming effects: Further evidence for ethnic affirmation among Chinese-English bilinguals.† Journal of language and social psychology 26.1 (2007): 398-406. Feng, Hui. â€Å"Different languages, different cultures, different language ideologies, different ling uistic models.† Journal of multicultural discourses 4.2 (2009): 151-164. Print. Tan Amy (1990). â€Å"Mother Tongue.† Three penny Review (1990): 76-80. Print. Zeng, Li. â€Å"Diasporic Self, Cultural Other: Negotiating Ethnicity through Transformation in the Fiction of Tan and Kingston.† Language and Literature XXVIII (2003): 1-15. Print.

Free Essays on Teens And Agression

Are young people today less aggressive and more tolerant than previous generations? It is arguable that this is not the case. Because of negative influences from the mass media, the material affluence of the modern day, and the system of the society that requires high competition, today’s young people are much more aggressive and less tolerant than before. Some people might say that today’s young people are more intelligent, polite and refined, since they have more chances to be educated with better technology and more information than previous generations. However, this only deals with a superficial side of the issue. There are many more facts hidden below the bright surface of the problem that make young people today worse (I think you might want to be a bit more specific in what you mean by â€Å"worse†. Do you mean worse as in manners? attitude? personality?) than before. Today’s young people are exposed to lots of facts and objects which can influence them negatively and make them behave more violently. As the mass media, such as the television and the internet become readily accessible from the home, many teenagers are able to watch or see programs or website contents that they are not allowed to see. For example, one of the popular TV cartoon programs, ‘South Park’, includes lots of violence. In this cartoon, people are easily killed or hurt critically by others, but this cartoon converts all these cruel and aggressive incidents into a humorous scenario which are aimed to make people laugh. The real problem about this cartoon is the fact that young children can watch it whenever they want and in turn, this can affect the buildup of children’s characters. By watching this cartoon, kids may lose a sense of human dignity and the value of a human’s life. Also they may try to imitate violent and dangerous acts from the cartoon, because of their curiosity and because they are often too young to know better. It is u... Free Essays on Teens And Agression Free Essays on Teens And Agression Are young people today less aggressive and more tolerant than previous generations? It is arguable that this is not the case. Because of negative influences from the mass media, the material affluence of the modern day, and the system of the society that requires high competition, today’s young people are much more aggressive and less tolerant than before. Some people might say that today’s young people are more intelligent, polite and refined, since they have more chances to be educated with better technology and more information than previous generations. However, this only deals with a superficial side of the issue. There are many more facts hidden below the bright surface of the problem that make young people today worse (I think you might want to be a bit more specific in what you mean by â€Å"worse†. Do you mean worse as in manners? attitude? personality?) than before. Today’s young people are exposed to lots of facts and objects which can influence them negatively and make them behave more violently. As the mass media, such as the television and the internet become readily accessible from the home, many teenagers are able to watch or see programs or website contents that they are not allowed to see. For example, one of the popular TV cartoon programs, ‘South Park’, includes lots of violence. In this cartoon, people are easily killed or hurt critically by others, but this cartoon converts all these cruel and aggressive incidents into a humorous scenario which are aimed to make people laugh. The real problem about this cartoon is the fact that young children can watch it whenever they want and in turn, this can affect the buildup of children’s characters. By watching this cartoon, kids may lose a sense of human dignity and the value of a human’s life. Also they may try to imitate violent and dangerous acts from the cartoon, because of their curiosity and because they are often too young to know better. It is u...

Concept and Comparison Analysis Across Theories Research Paper

Concept and Comparison Analysis Across Theories - Research Paper Example For example, the life of human beings and the whole universe revolves around these concepts. In my opinion, human being is an incorporated whole composed of internal psychological, physical and social nature with differing degrees of ability of self care. Humanity is a real or substantial unity whose parts attain perfection and are formed through differentiation during the development process. Human beings are able to reflect and use symbols. On the other hand, health and healthy describes the state of the living things. This is a state of well being including the condition of a person identified by pleasure, contentment, and happiness among others (Jim, 2010). Nursing as a concept is an art in which the nursing practitioner provides a specialized assistance to people with disabilities who need help in order to attain their daily requirements of self care. Finally, environment in my opinion is the surrounding of patients that may impact on their ability to carry out their self care a ctivities. This may include dimensions such as chemical, physical, biological features and socio-economical features. The later include atmosphere, weather, pollutants, infectious organisms and pests, while the former may include community, family, gender and gender roles, cultural prescriptions of authority, and cultural roles (Potter & Perry, 1992). According to Martha Rodgers in her 1970 book, '' The Theoretical Basis of Nursing", human beings are seen as seen as open energy field possessing a distinct and unique life experiences. Just like energy field, human beings are much different from and greater than the sum of their parts and cannot be anticipated from the knowledge of their parts. Human beings are dynamic, unique, multidimensional, and sentient capable of creativity, abstract reasoning, self responsibility and aesthetic appreciation. Humans are valued persons, nurtured, respected and understand and make informed choices concerning their health. Martha Rodgers considers d imensions such as biological, spiritual, psychological, intellectual, and socio-cultural dimensions as stages of human development because they affect the health and behavior of human beings (Rodgers, 1970). Environment, according to nursing theorists, is a geography and landscape of human social experience. She considers environment as a context or setting of experience as a daily life and consists of variations in time, space and quality. This human geography includes social, global, personal, national and beyond. Martha asserts that environment also entails societal values, beliefs, customs, mores and expectations. The environment is like an energy field in the mutual process with the energy field of human and is understood as an arena where by the client of nursing encounters caring relationships, aesthetic beauty, threats to wellness, and lived health experiences. The environmental dimensions that may impact on health include psychosocial, physical, historical, cultural, politi cal, economical and developmental processes and aspects of the social world (Gunther, 2011). In nursing theorist perspective, health is a dynamic process. She describes health as the synthesis of illness and wellness defined by the nursing client perception of the across the life span. The view of health concentrates on the whole nature of the client in social, moral, physical, and aesthetic realms. Martha, a nursing theorist asserts that health is relational and

Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr - Essay Example This threat was echoed in his closing remarks in a speech he delivered at Mason Temple. Martin was booked at Lorraine Motel, room number 306, in Memphis where he stayed most often with his entourage. Just before his assassination, King had last words with Ben Branch, a musician who was supposed to perform that night in the Motel; Luther King was expected to attend that performance. In his words, King requested Ben Branch to play a song ‘Take My Hand, Precious Lord’ pretty well. The following day, April 4, King was assassinated at 6.01 pm. He was standing on the second floor of the Motel’s balcony when a bullet entered his right cheek, smashed his jaw and moved down his spinal cord. King was rushed to St. Joseph Hospital and after an emergency surgery in the chest, he was pronounced dead at 7.05 pm. He died at 39 years old. This assassination resulted in a race riot nationwide. The cities such as Washington DC, Kansas, Baltimore and Louisville among other cities reported greater numbers of rioters. A number of famous and influential individual in the nation such as Robert F. Kennedy, James Farmer, and other leaders addressed gatherings and called for non-violent actions across the nation. Memphis city quickly ended the strike and settled on terms which were favorable for the sanitation employees. April 7 was declared a national mourning day for Luther King. United States president did not attend King’s funeral for fear of more riots and protest from the mourners, instead, the vice President Humphrey Hubert attended. The articles that describe this event are found in New York Times and BBC News. In New York Times, the article describes this event as a loss to many Negroes across the nation. In addition, it talks about Martin Luther Kings as a nonviolent leader to millions of Americans; his fight was against racial injustice in the nation.

Would a World without Nuclear Weapons be more or less secure Essay

Would a World without Nuclear Weapons be more or less secure - Essay Example Every other day, we listen to different kinds of debates related to nuclear technology and weapons present with different nations around the world. These debates are for and against the nuclear weapons but this fact cannot be denied that a world without nuclear weapons would be more secure as people will not have an option for massive destruction. Chernobyl incident, Hiroshima and Nagasaki nuclear attack and Japan’s Fukushima nuclear radiations are the worst lessons which nuclear weapons and energy have taught humankind. Nations must endeavour to use nuclear energy for power generation for meeting the rising energy needs. We cannot say that without nuclear weapons, there would be no fight on this earth but massive massacre can be controlled by putting a check on nuclear weapons and eradicating them altogether from the face of the earth to save humanity. Nuclear weapons can kill not hundreds but thousands and millions of people residing in any country and belonging to any natio n within no time and this capability of the weapons makes them extensively vicious and fatal. In the Second World War, United States attacked Hiroshima and Nagasaki, two cities of Japan with nuclear bombs and its residents are still bearing the consequences of that damaging occurrence. The cities got destructed wholly and this happening cannot be forgotten as it informed about the destructiveness through nuclear weapons (Weart 58). Nuclear technology’s negative usage started from Second World War and at this juncture, many states have nuclear power and can use it when they feel a need. These cities are still suffering from the radiations of nuclear attacks that took place almost half a century ago. After effects of such disasters are long lasting and nations suffer for a prolonged period. People around the world agree that nuclear weapons are disadvantageous for the masses. Perkovich & Acton (2009) inform, â€Å"States possess nuclear weapons because they fear they might fac e threats of massive destruction. If they all get rid of nuclear weapons, major warfare might not break out immediately, but the chances of such conflict coming about would rise dramatically.†this tendency have speed up the race to acquire nuclear weapons for creating a deterrence in the world. This has given value to get nuclear weapon and indulged nations in arm race. (p. 21). The nuclear states around the world feel that a unilateral disarmament must be there to eradicate all the nuclear weapons altogether but this step is quite difficult to take for the countries and their governments, as unilateral disarmament is not accepted by all the countries. Separate disarmament is also a difficult step to be taken by the governments having the nuclear capability because they consider that disarmament will allow other States to attack them. Nuclear states have doubts of outside attack due to which, they do not want to get rid of their nuclear weaponry power. US and Russia have agree d to take measures to reduce the number of nuclear weapons. This step will help the great powers to avoid falling of such lethal weapons in the hands of terrorist organizations (Drell & Goodby 25). Third world countries must be encouraged to dismantle the nuclear facilities and resolve the core issues through peaceful negotiations. Big nations must take first step to save future of world. Russia and America will soon sign strategic arms reduction treaty (START). This treaty would decrease the number of deployed warheads of both the countries from 2200 to 1500. Still both countries will maintain large stocks of short-range nuclear weapons. Both countries still need to negotiate to cut down the stock of 500 warheads each (Eland 2010). With these 500

Management History Essay Example for Free

Management History Essay Managers can look at past managerial methods in order to make decisions that will best suit themselves and help their organisations, as well as giving their organisation a competitive advantage (Boddy D. , 2005). In this essay I will be arguing against the proposition that knowledge of management history is irrelevant to modern practice. To show that management history is important for modern managers, I am going to discuss and focus on a number of historical management techniques and theories and how they can be useful. I will talk about how these management techniques and theories are relevant with modern management. The first approach I will look at is the classical approach. Too elaborate on this theory I will split it in to two areas; the scientific management theory and the administrative principals. Firstly I will discuss the scientific approach; where I will talk about Frederick Winslow Taylor and his theory on the importance of workers being trained and the importance of the selection process (Bartol Martin, 1994). The next branch is the administrative approach involving theorist Henri Fayol and how his theories have been well respected and become a big part of modern management today. To finish off my argument I will be talking about the behavioural side of management by relating to Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Through looking into these methods I hope to give the reader a good understanding as to why I believe historical management has had a big impact on modern management today and will continue to do so in the future. The first discussion will be based around the classical approach, an approach to management that is seen as a way of managers making decisions based around economic concern. There are three main areas within the classical approach, these being scientific management, administrative principles and bureaucratic organisation. However, throughout my argument I will be focusing only on two of these approaches, thus being the scientific approach and the administrative principals. The two main theorists who are heavily involved in these consist of Frederick Winslow Taylor, whom was the founder of scientific management and Henri Fayol whom has had a big influence on the administrative principals. I will also mention Mary Parker Follet whom has also had a big impact on the administrative principals. (Schermerhorn, Davidson, Poole, Simon, Woods, Chau, 2011). I have chosen to focus only on these two areas of classical management as they are well related to my argument that historical management is relevant to modern management. The  first approach I will be discussing is the classical approach, where we will first be talking about scientific management. The man behind the scientific management theory is known as Frederick Winslow Taylor. Taylor’s main contributions to management thought and practice hav e come through his idea of the scientific management theory and approach. In 1911, Frederick Winslow Taylor published his work, ‘the principles of scientific management.’ These principles described how applying the scientific method to the management of workers could greatly improve productivity through the analysis and synthesis of workflows. It is a theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflows, improving work productivity (Schermerhorn, Davidson, Poole, Simon, Woods, Chau, 2011). To back my argument that management history is important for modern managers we see Henry Ford come into the picture. The ideas of Taylor were continued through well-known car manufacturer Henry Ford who went on to replace his workers with machinery, generally when it came to doing things such as heavy lifting (Daft, 2005). Scientific management has four guiding action principles, these being; to develop a ‘science’ for every job that includes rules of motion, standardize work processes and appropriate working conditions. Also to carefully select workers with the right abilities for the job, to carefully train them and give them proper incentives to cooperate with the job ‘science’ (Schermerhorn, Davidson, Poole, Simon, Woods, Chau, 2011). Frank Gilbreth whom worked as a bricklayer put Taylors ideas into place and created a method that allowed the number of movements to lay a brick reduce from 18 to 2 therefore going on to increase the rate from 120-350 bricks (Hatch Cunliffe, 2006). Taylors work is still being used in modern day and his concepts are well thought of, his ideas are clearly seen at the roots of management today. Scientific management has proven to be a very beneficial way for companies to develop and improve their approach towards business (Helms Cengage, 2006 ). The next part of the classical approach I will be talking about is the administrative principals. The administrative principal’s approach to management came about from a man named Henri Fayol. Most management textbooks published today acknowledge Fayol to be the father of the administrative theory (Daft, 2005). Fayol was a French mining engineer, whom gradually worked his way up the ranks until he was manager of up to 10000 employees for over 30 years. The administrative principles  involved issues such as departmentalization, span of control, exceptions to routine, and hierarchy. An example of the administrative principals being used in modern management can be seen through major fast food franchise McDonalds. The efficient production of their fast food is crucial towards customer satisfaction and organisation success therefore Fayol’s principles come in use for this systematic type of organisational structure. Here we see another part of historical management being used in a very successful franchise within the modern era. Mary Parker Follet was also a contributor to administrative principles. Follet believed that growth and success would come from the direct interaction between members of the organisational groups achieving common goals and objectives. She also displayed a general understanding of groups and showed commitment to human co-operation, creating ideas that are still relevant today (Schermerhorn, Davidson, Poole, Simon, Woods, Chau, 2011). The next part of my argument belongs to that of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Abraham Maslow has identified 5 important needs that individuals should aim to require in order to positively influence their contribution within the workplace. Maslow’s theory is often represented as a pyramid, with the larger, lower levels representing the essential needs, and the upper levels representing the need for self-actualization. The first need starts from the bottom of the table, this being psychological. Psychological needs are our basic needs, needs such as food and water. Safety needs are next, expressing an emphasis on the need for security and protection. Self-belongingness is the next need and falls under the category of social needs and feeling as though you are a part of something, a community, or group of some type. This is then followed by self-esteem needs which will mean you are given respect and recognition for your work, leaves the employee with a sense of competency. The last need of all and the highest need in Maslow’s theory is self-actualisation. This need looks at employees achieving self-fulfilments and goals, on the completion of certain tasks employees allow themselves to grow in confidence by using their abilities to their full extent (Davidson, Griffin, Simon, Woods, 2009). Maslow believes that the only reason that people would not move well in direction of self-actualization is because of hindrances placed in their way. These days we are beginning to see Maslow’s theory in many businesses as a way of motivating employees. Managers are using Maslow’s  theory within the work place to help give their employees motivation and something to work towards and achieve, it is a tool managers use to help point employees in the right direction (Davidson, Griffin, Simon, Woods, 2009). A prime example of this is volunteers working for non for profit organisations. With the fact that there is no money involved in volunteer works it is important for these volunteers to have the Maslow’s theory approach merged into their business setting as well as a part of their work ethic. This is vital in order to feel as though they are reaping rewards from the hard work they are putting in, as in volunteer work, money is non-existent. Managers also now tend to change and mix up the way they are motivating employees by giving different rewards and motivation stimuli in order to keep volunteers and employees happy to stay with the organisation (Hatch Cunliffe, 2006). As I have stated, it is clear too see that the two types of classical approaches discussed both have an impact on modern management. With Frederick Winslow Taylor and his theory of scientific management we can see that an important aspect is to obtain maximum wealth for both the employee and the employer. The example of Frank Gilbreth and his techniques used with bricklaying help us understand that positive outcomes come from Taylors theory and we are able too see that his theory has not gone un noticed and is infact a part of modern management. The same goes with the next part to classical management, this being the administrative principals. We again see administrative principles being applied to modern management. Our example based around this theory being major fast food franchise McDonalds. ‘The efficient production of their fast food is crucial towards customer satisfaction and organisation success.’ McDonalds is one of the largest franchises in the world today and will continue to be for years to come, and it is worthy proof showing the administrative principals involvement within such a successful franchise within modern management. The last theory I discussed was that thought by Abraham Maslow and his hierarchy of needs. This theory is a vital part of one’s mind and can help achieve a certain degree of self-belief within an employee as well as a manager or employer. It is a useful tool for managers to keep employees motivated and feel as though they are achieving. Throughout this essay I believe I have been able to support my argument as to why I believe that historical management is relevant to modern management. References Bartol, K. M., Martin, D. C. (1994). Management. Michigan: McGraw-Hill series in management. Blake, A, M. (2010) One hundred years after The principles of Scientific Management. One Hundred Years after The Principles of Scientific Management, 1-9 Boddy, D. (2005). Management an introduction 3rd edition. Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd. Daft, R, S. (2005). Management second pacific rim edition. Florida: Dryden press. Davidson, P., Griffin, R. W., Simon, A., Woods, P. (2009). Management 4th Australasian Edition. Milton: John Wiley Sons Australia. Hatch, M. J., Cunliffe, A. L. (2006). Organization Theory. New York: Oxford University Press Inc. Helms, M. M., Cengage, G. (2006). Chain of Command Principle Retrieved 22 August, 2011, from http://www.enotes.com/management-encyclopedia/chain-command-principle Schermerhorn, J. R., Davidson, P., Poole, D., Simon, A., Woods, P., Chau, S. L. (2011). Management (4th Asia-Pacific ed.). Milton, Queensland: John Wiley and Sons.